DALTOURS

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600 BC
The Etruscans establish cities from northern to central Italy

282 BC
282-272: War with Pyrrhus

264 BC
264-241: War with Carthage (First Punic War)

218 BC
Hannibal invades Italy

135 BC
135-132 BC First Servile War prompted by slave revolts

73 BC
73 - 71 BC Slave uprising led by the gladiator called Spartacus

64 BC
Pompey captures Jerusalem

45 BC
Julius Caesar defeats Pompey to become the first dictator of Rome

44 BC
Julius Caesar assassinated

44 BC
44-31BC The Triumvirate of Marc Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian (later known as Caesar Augustus) become the rulers of Rome

31 BC
Antony and Cleopatra are defeated by Octavian

27 BC
Octavian becomes Caesar Augustus, the first Roman emperor until 14AD

0
The birth of Jesus Christ

14 AD
Death of Augustus and Tiberius, stepson of Caesar Augustus, becomes emperor until 37AD

33 AD
Crucifixion of Jesus in the Roman province of Jerusalem and the origin of Christianity

37
Gaius (Caligula) crowned Emperor

41
Caligula is killed and Claudius proclaimed Emperor

54
Emperor Claudius is murdered and Nero is proclaimed Emperor

64
Fire destroyed much of Rome - the Christians are blamed for the destruction

68
The death of Nero ended the infamous Julio-Claudian dynasty

75
75-80 The Roman emperors start to build the Coliseum in Rome as a place of gladiatorial combat

180
Commodus succeeds his father Marcus Aurelius and gains imperial power

305
Constantine becomes the first Christian emperor

380
Christianity is declared the sole religion of the Roman Empire by Theodosius I

410
The Visigoths, led by Alaric, sack Rome heralding the total decline of the Roman Empire

455
The Vandals, led by Gaiseric, sack Rome

476
The last Roman Emperor was Romulus Augustulus who was defeated by Odoacer who was a German Goth

485
Italy was invaded by Attila the Hun. Pope Leo I dissuaded Attila from sacking Rome

568
The Lombards, a Germanic tribe, invade Italy which is divided into three regions ruled by the Lombards, the Eastern Roman Empire and the Papal States

553
The old Roman Empire was reunited by Justinian, the Byzantine emperor

572
The Byzantine rule collapses after an attack by the Lombards

756
Pepin the Short, a Frankish King conquers the Lombards for the popes

756
The Papal States were established in central Italy

774
The Lombards defeated by Charlemagne

800
Charlemagne crowned Roman emperor

962
Otto the Great, the king of Germany, was crowned emperor establishing the Holy Roman Empire

1000s - 1400's Independent city-states are established

1519
Charles I of Spain became Emperor Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire

1700s Spanish rule passed to Austrian rule

1789
The French Revolution

1804
Napoleon declared himself the emperor of Italy

1814
Napoleon abdicated his throne and Italy was broken up into small kingdoms

1820s-1850s Small revolutions in the kingdoms - Venice, Rome and Tuscany declare themselves Republics

1849
Austria regains control of most of Italy

1860
Northern Italy was joined to the Kingdom of Sardinia

1861
The Kingdom of Italy was formed under the leadership of Giuseppe Garibaldi
Victor Emmanuel II crowned king

1911
Italy defeats the Ottoman Empire

1914
World War I

1915
Italy joins the war on the side of the Allies

1918
The Allies win World War I

1922
28 October: The Fascists named Benito Mussolini the Prime Minister of Italy

1925
Benito Mussolini becomes the dictator of Italy

1936
Mussolini and Hitler sign an agreement known as the Roman-Berlin Axis

1939
Italy conquers Albania and Mussolini sides with Hitler and Fascist Germany

1943
8 September: Italy surrenders to the Allies in WW II
13 October: Italy declares war on Germany

1945
Mussolini was shot
August 1945 The United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki marking the end of WW11

1946
10 June: Italy abolishes the monarchy and establishes a republic

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